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Álcool
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Alcohol
def. Drink created when grains, fruits, or vegetables are fermented.
When people drink alcohol, it's absorbed into their bloodstream. From there, it affects the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), which controls virtually all body functions.
Continuous consume causes impotence, amnesia, double vision, extreme aggressiveness, cirrhosis and dementia.
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Anfetamina
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Amphetamine
def. Highly addictive substance with central nervous system stimulant properties.
Causes increased energy, euphoria, excitement, decreased appetite and mood swings.
When long-term used, causes insomnia, hallucinations, psychosis, skin disorders and loss of weight due to insufficient alimentation.
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Ansiolítico
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Anxiolytic
def. Sedative used to fight anxiety, not affecting too much mental and motor functions.
Anxiolytics are also prescribed to treat insomnia and depression.
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Benzodiazepina
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Benzodiazepine
def. Substance that affects chemicals in the brain that may become cause anxiety. This results in a reduction in muscle tension. In general, benzodiazepines act as hypnotics in high doses, anxiolytics in moderate doses, and sedatives in low doses.
Repeated use of large doses or, in some cases, daily use of therapeutic doses of benzodiazepines is associated with amnesia, hostility, irritability, and vivid or disturbing dreams, as well as tolerance and physical dependence. Abrupt cessation is not recommended and tapering-down the dose eliminates many of the unpleasant symptoms.
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Canabinóides
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Cannabinoids
def. Substances that come from the plant Cannabis sativa L. - from which is extracted hashish (resin) and pot (stem and dry leaf).
Low doses tend to induce a sense of well-being and a dreamy state of relaxation, which may be accompanied by a more vivid sense of sight, smell, taste, and hearing, as well as by subtle alterations in thought formation and expression.
Stronger doses intensify reactions. The individual may experience shifting sensory imagery, rapidly fluctuating emotions, fragmentary thoughts with disturbing associations, an altered sense of self- identity, impaired memory, and a dulling of attention despite an illusion of heightened insight.
High doses may result in image distortion, a loss of personal identity, fantasies, and hallucinations.
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Cocaína
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Cocaine
def. Synthesized stimulant in laboratory whose base is Erytroxylon Coca bush' leaf.
It causes intense pleasure and increases energy and self-confidence.
The short-term effects of cocaine include constricted blood vessels; dilated pupils; and increased temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure.
When the drug is taken repeatedly and at increasingly high doses, leads to a state of increasing irritability, restlessness, and paranoia. This may result in paranoid psychosis, in which the individual loses touch with reality and experiences auditory hallucinations.
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Cogumelo mágico
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Magic mushroom
def. Drug that causes changes in perceptions - colors and shapes.
Causes visual and auditory perception' changes, disorganized thoughts, delusions, mixture of feelings, mood swings, nausea and vomits.
Magic mushrooms contain psilocin and psilocybin. These compounds are psychedelics.
Loss of reality may be experienced and severe anxiety and paranoia can occur.
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Dependência Física
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Physical Dependence
def. Body's adaptation state demonstrated with physical disorders (abstinence syndrome) when someone stops taking a drug.
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Dependência Psíquica
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Psychic Dependency
def. Psychological desire to use a substance for the well-being it causes. In it's privation one experiences an intense discomfort.
Although the mental addiction is a constant component of dependence, the speed with which it develops depends on the chemical characteristics of the drugs and psychological and sociocultural aspects of individual consumes.
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Droga
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Drug
def. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1981, drugs are any substances introduced into the living organism and modifies one or more of its functions.
There are 4 types of drugs according to their effects on the central nervous system (CNS):
1) depressant drugs - e.g. heroin;
2) stimulant drugs - e.g. cocaine;
3) hallucinogenic drugs - e.g. LSD.
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Ecstasy (MD)
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Ecstasy (MDMA)
def. Illegal synthetic drug which acts both as a stimulant and as a hallucinogen. It is taken in tablets, usually white and tasteless. Known as the "love drug", since it stimulates tactile sensations and reduce inhibitions.
Side effects include jaw' spasm, nausea, colics, blurred vision, exhaustion, paranoia, depression, muscle reactions and it also raises the temperature of the body. It's long-term use may result in heart attack and liver and kidneys' failure.
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Esteróide
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Steroid
def. Synthetically produced variants of the naturally occurring male hormone testosterone.
Short-term effects include muscle development, increased irritability and aggression.
Long-term effects include the risk of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart attacks and strokes.
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Haxixe
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Hashish
def. Cannabis Sativa L. derived substance.
It is collected, dried, and then compressed into a variety of forms.
Main use effects: hearing attention deficit, psychotic episodes, trachea and bronchi damage, forgetfulness, lack of awareness, infertility.
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Heroína
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Heroin
def. Drug that affects the central nervous system. It is also a very powerful painkiller.
Derived from the opium and appears in white or brown powder form.
It mainly causes: extreme weight loss, drop in blood pressure, gastrointestinal disorders, apathy, depression.
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LSD
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LSD
def. LSD (which stands for lysergic acid diethylamide) is a lab-brewed hallucinogen and mood-changing chemical. LSD is odorless, colorless, and tasteless.
The short-term effects of LSD are unpredictable. They depend on the amount of the drug taken; the user's personality, mood, and expectations; and the surroundings in which the drug is used.
The physical effects include dilated pupils, higher body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweating, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, dry mouth, and tremors.
The long-term effects include panic, hallucinations, psicosis.
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Metadona
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Methadone
def. Narcotic pain reliever, similar to morphine.
Reduces withdrawal symptoms in people addicted to heroin or other narcotic drugs without causing the "high" associated with the drug addiction.
Methadone can slow breathing - death may occur if breathing becomes too weak.
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Morfina
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Morphine
def. Morphine is the principal constituent of opium and can range in concentration from 4 to 21 percent. Morphine is one of the most effective drugs known for the relief of severe pain and remains the standard against which new analgesics are measured.
Morphine is used parenterally (by injection) for preoperative sedation, as a supplement to anesthesia, and for analgesia. It is the drug of choice for relieving pain of myocardial infarction and for its cardiovascular effects in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema.
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Ópio
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Opium
def. Natural product derived from the poppy Papaver somniferum. It is in the opiates category, which also includes morphine, codeine and heroin.
Opium may relief pain and anxiety, decreased feeling of distrust, euphoria, feeling of well-being, calm, lethargy, drowsiness, depression, impotence, devolution, mental dullness, flashes. These effects may occur while depression of the respiratory cycle (cause of death by overdose), pulmonary edema, decreased temperature, nausea, vomiting, pupils' contraction, loss of cough reflex, constipation, amenorrhoea or death.
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Síndrome de abstinência
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Withdrawal syndrome
def. Set of physical and psychological symptoms associated with non-consume of drugs by an addict.
There are two types of abstinence:
1. Acute withdrawal syndrome - AWS - physical symptoms / psychological / social caused by lack of drugs, occurs in 3 to 10 days of last use.
2. Protracted withdrawal syndrome - PWS - sobriety based symptoms; occurs in months or years - confused mind, memory problems, emotional over-reaction or apathy, disturbance or alteration of sleep, motor coordination problems, stress.
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Tabaco
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Tobacco
def. Cigarettes contain many poisons, such as nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide.
Nicotine is a highly addictive stimulant found in tobacco. This drug is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream when smoked.
Effects: psychological relaxation, facilitating the merger, increased heart rate and blood pressure, cough and heart and vascular severe in susceptible individuals.
Long term use: lung diseases and cancers, vascular diseases (myocardial infarction, stroke, gangrene and impotence).
Smokers tend to have bad breath and yellowed teeth. Chewing tobacco users may suffer from cancers of the mouth and neck.
Withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, anger, restlessness, and insomnia.
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